Data Breaches
Definition：Unauthorized access to sensitive information (e.g. personal data, financial records, intellectual property).
Outcome：Identity theft or financial loss.
Cyber Security
This section provides detailed descriptions of common cyber attacks, together with quizzes designed for beginners. Each description provides background information to help understand the nature of the attack.
Overview of Common Cyber Attacks
Ransomware Attacks
Definition：Data is encrypted by attackers who demand a ransom for the decryption key.
Outcome：Downtime, data loss, or paying the ransom.
Phishing Attacks
Definition：Fraudulent emails or messages trick victims into providing sensitive information.
Outcome：Data theft through impersonation of trustworthy entities.
Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks
Definition：Systems or networks are overwhelmed, causing service disruptions.
Outcome：Financial losses and unavailability of services.
Malware Attacks
Definition：Malicious software harms or exploits devices and networks (e.g. viruses, worms, spyware).
Outcome：Data theft or system damage.
Social Engineering Attacks
Definition：Psychological manipulation to reveal confidential information.
Outcome：Compromise of sensitive data or systems.
Website Defacement
Definition：Unauthorized changes to a website’s appearance or content.
Outcome：Damaged reputation and costly restoration.
Insider Threats
Definition：Malicious actions by employees or contractors with access to sensitive data.
Outcome：Data theft, sabotage, or security breaches.
Cyber Extortion
Definition：Threats to release sensitive data unless a ransom is paid.
Outcome：Pressure on organizations and potential reputational damage.
Third-Party Breaches
Definition：Attackers compromise data held by external vendors or partners.
Outcome：Many organizations sharing sensitive information can be affected.
Quiz: Understanding Cyber Attacks
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